When dealing with traumatic brain injury, what is a primary concern?

In cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), evaluating for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical because elevated ICP can lead to further brain injury and potentially fatal consequences. After a TBI, the brain may swell or bleed, which increases pressure within the skull. This pressure can impede blood flow to the brain and result in neurological deficits or brain herniation, both of which require immediate intervention.

Monitoring for signs of increased ICP typically includes assessing for changes in consciousness, pupil responses, motor function, and vital signs. Recognizing these signs promptly allows for timely interventions, such as medical management or surgical procedures, to alleviate pressure and protect the brain.

While assessing physical symptoms is important, it is insufficient to capture the full spectrum of complications following a TBI. Monitoring for respiratory distress is also crucial and can be associated with the brain's influence on autonomous functions, but it does not specifically address the unique challenges posed by increased ICP. Similarly, administering pain relief is necessary for patient comfort; however, managing ICP directly impacts the overall prognosis of a patient with a TBI.